实例备份

实例备份

目录

• 实例备份
• 手动 Docker 备份
• Docker SQL 导出（dump）
• 使用 Borg 进行 Docker 备份

实例备份

要备份整个实例，我们建议做两件事： 1.) 数据库备份 2.) 文件系统备份。

下面是一个示例，适用于 Debian/Ubuntu 这类 Linux 机器：

apt install borgbackup backupninja

在 /etc/backup.d 下创建两个文件： 第一个：10-db.mysql：

### backupninja mysql config file ###

databases   = all
backupdir   = /var/backups/mysql
hotcopy     = no
sqldump     = yes
compress    = yes
configfile = /etc/mysql/debian.cnf
sqldumpoptions= --skip-lock-tables
dbusername = [root_at_db]
dbpassword = [root_pass]
dbhost = 127.0.0.1

第二个：90.borg：

## for more options see
## - example.borg
## - http://borgbackup.readthedocs.io/en/stable

[source]
include = /var/spool/cron/crontabs
include = /var/backups
include = /var/www

## for more info see : borg prune -h
prune = yes
keep = "15d"

[dest]
directory = /backup/my_wavelog
host = localhost
port = 22
user = root
archive = {now:%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S}
compression = lz4
encryption = none
passphrase =

完成上述设置后，你的系统会每晚 01:00 为数据库、Wavelog 及其 (e)QSL 卡等创建完整备份。

备份将存储在 /backup/my_wavelog。你可以通过 borg mount /backup/my_wavelog /mnt 轻松访问它。

挂载后，/mnt 的子文件夹中会有最近 15 天的备份。恢复完成后别忘了卸载（borg umount /mnt）。

有关这套工具链的更多信息，请参阅 backupninja 和 borgbackup。

这只是备份方案的一种方式 / 一个示例。

手动 Docker 备份

手动备份你的 Docker 容器相当简单。为确保数据一致，我们必须先停止容器。

sudo docker compose down

下一步我们定义备份路径并确保它存在。不要以 root 身份运行此命令

BACKUP_DIR=/home/$USER/wavelog_backup
mkdir -p $BACKUP_DIR

现在可以复制数据了。我们复制一份 docker compose 文件，并把 Docker 数据卷压缩成 tar.gz 文件

cp docker-compose.yml $BACKUP_DIR/
sudo tar czf "$BACKUP_DIR/wavelog_volumes_$(date +%F).tar.gz" -C /var/lib/docker/volumes $(sudo find /var/lib/docker/volumes -maxdepth 1 -type d -name 'wavelog*' -printf '%f\n')

要恢复备份，请复制 docker compose 文件并解压 tar.gz 文件

sudo tar xzf wavelog_volumes_2025-04-30.tar.gz -C /var/lib/docker/volumes

Docker SQL 导出（dump）

导出

docker exec wavelog-db mariadb-dump -u [DB_USER] -p'[DB_PASS]' [DB_NAME] > wavelog_backup.sql

恢复

docker exec -i wavelog-db mariadb -u [DB_USER] -p'[DB_PASS]' [DB_NAME] < wavelog_backup.sql

使用 Borg 进行 Docker 备份

这是另一种备份方法：备份前停止 Docker 容器，备份完成后重新启动它们，以确保数据库的完整性。停止容器是避免数据丢失的关键。 请根据需要进行调整，并把文件放到 /etc/borgmatic/wavelog.yaml：

source_directories:
    - /home/phil/docker/wavelog
    - /var/lib/docker/volumes/wavelog*

# A required list of local or remote repositories with paths and
# optional labels (which can be used with the --repository flag to
# select a repository). Tildes are expanded. Multiple repositories are
# backed up to in sequence. Borg placeholders can be used. See the
# output of "borg help placeholders" for details. See ssh_command for
# SSH options like identity file or port. If systemd service is used,
# then add local repository paths in the systemd service file to the
# ReadWritePaths list. Prior to borgmatic 1.7.10, repositories was a
# list of plain path strings.
repositories:
    - path: ssh://user@host:22/./borgmatic/docker-wavelog
      label: backupserver

# Passphrase to unlock the encryption key with. Only use on
# repositories that were initialized with passphrase/repokey/keyfile
# encryption. Quote the value if it contains punctuation, so it parses
# correctly. And backslash any quote or backslash literals as well.
# Defaults to not set.
# encryption_passphrase: "!\"#$%&'()*+,-./:;<=>?@[\\]^_`{|}~"
encryption_passphrase: changeme

# Keep all archives within this time interval.
# keep_within: 3H

# Number of secondly archives to keep.
# keep_secondly: 60

# Number of minutely archives to keep.
# keep_minutely: 60

# Number of hourly archives to keep.
# keep_hourly: 24

# Number of daily archives to keep.
keep_daily: 31

# Number of weekly archives to keep.
# keep_weekly: 4

# Number of monthly archives to keep.
keep_monthly: 6

# Number of yearly archives to keep.
keep_yearly: 1

# Stop docker container before backup to ensure database integrity; restart containers after backup.
before_backup:
  - docker compose -f /home/phil/docker/wavelog/docker-compose.yml down
after_backup:
  - docker compose -f /home/phil/docker/wavelog/docker-compose.yml up -d

然后添加一个 systemd 定时器文件（/etc/systemd/system/borgmatic-wavelog.timer）来安排备份。我每天在 04:20 和 15:30 各运行一次：

[Unit]
Description=Run Borgmatic Backup for wavelog

[Timer]
OnCalendar=*-*-* 04:20:00
OnCalendar=*-*-* 15:30:00
Persistent=true

[Install]
WantedBy=timers.target

重新加载 systemd 以应用定时器：sudo systemctl daemon-reload